Auditing Joint Ventures - a podcast by Thomas Fox

JVs provide many FCPA risks that other types of business relationships do not bring. For instance, the JV may interact with foreign government officials or employees of a state-owned enterprise; then leverage those relationships for an improper benefit relating to contracts, regulatory licenses, permits or customs approvals. It is difficult to regulate a JVs interaction with foreign government officials when your partner is a state-owned enterprise, or where your company is relying on the local company for its local contacts and expertise for business development and/or regulatory knowledge and experience. 
The risks are compounded when the U.S. company does not exercise control of the JV. This is further compounded by the fact there is no minimum threshold for a FCPA enforcement action against a U.S. company for the actions of a JV in which it holds an interest. If a company holds something less than majority rights, it must to urge, beg and plead for the majority partner to adhere to anti-corruption compliance standards and controls. Often, these requirements are established in the JV agreement but the success in securing such contract protections depends on the importance of the global company to the JV itself.
Another set of issues comes from the JV when it seeks to retain third-party agents and/or distributors. Depending on the amount of control, the U.S. company usually can impose its set of standards for conducting due diligence of third-party agents and distributors. These risks become more difficult when the JV partner brings a proposed third-party agent or distributor and vouches for the agent or distributor. If the JV partner is a state-owned enterprise, the issues become even more complicated as such a referral creates an obvious red flag for a government-sponsored referral.
Now add on the fact that the JV partner may not be proficient in English as a first language. The U.S. company may not have financial personnel with requisite language skills in the foreign country. Some companies have a policy that English will be used throughout the world in its business dealings. However, even with such an English only policy in place, the risks represented by such lack of effective oversight by the multinational extend not only to potential FCPA violations, but to other corrupt acts, including kickbacks, fraud and theft.
Three key takeaways: 

JVs present unique FCPA risks and must be managed accordingly.

Your final report needs to consider the final viewer of the document, potentially the DOJ or SEC.

Be sure to follow up on any red flags raised but not cleared and action items for remediation or additional scrutiny. 

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