Argyris'Ladder of Inference: Climb to Better Decisions and Relationships - a podcast by Patrick King

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00:01:10 In 1974, business professor Chris Argyris created a handy tool

00:06:22 How to Use the Ladder in Your Own Life

00:16:02 Consider the following speech made by Barack Obama at the 2004 Democratic National Convention

00:18:23 George Lakoff is an author and professor of cognitive science and linguistics.

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• Poor communication arises as a result of a mismatch of perspectives, approach, or conversational skill. People process information differently, but to avoid misunderstandings, communicate consciously and use the “ladder of inference.” It shows the unique way that people use their experiences to make meaning: observations > selected data > meanings > assumptions > conclusions > beliefs > actions.

• Conflict can occur when people are on different rungs. To improve communication, see where people are and how their ladder of inference is working for them, then speak to that, in sequence, and without blame or shame.

• Good communicators deliberately create their own frames during conversations and position their line of thinking by using specially chosen words, expressions, and images. Change frames and you change meaning.

• Deliberately engineer your conversational frame and invite the other person in using pre-existing concepts they’re familiar with to improve the chances they’ll be receptive. Remember that reality is fixed, but the meaning of reality is dynamic and subject to change.

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