How ?? Works – Casual/Informal Language in Korean - a podcast by G9Languages

As you may already be familiar with it, there are mainly two politeness levels in Korean: ?? [ban-mal] and ??? [jon-daet-mal]. There are various types and levels within ?? and ???, but very broadly, ?? refers to casual and informal language, whereas ??? refers to formal and polite language. At first, when you are strangers, you start off with ???, but depending on how well you know the other person and how old you are in comparison with the other person, you might start using ??. But due to exposure to many K-pop songs, Korean dramas and movies, where you can see a lot of ?? sentences without much contextual clues, We find that many Korean learners seem to overuse ??.

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