TTMIK Level 8 Lesson 28 - PDF - a podcast by G9Languages

In this lesson, we are going to take a look at how to use the expression ????, which means “despite,” “in spite of,” or “although.” It is a rather formal expression and is more commonly used in formal settings such as business presentation and speeches, but it can also be found in some news reports, dramas, or movies.

Construction
Noun + -?? ???? = despite + Noun
Verb stem + -??? ???? = despite/although + Verb

Since ???? is very formal, if you want to say the same thing in a less formal manner, you can just use the structure “Verb stem + -???” without adding “????” at the end. This is only applicable to verbs.

Sample Sentences
???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???.
[gyeong-go-e-do bul-gu-ha-go jeon-hyeo dal-la-jin geo-si eop-seo-yo.]
= Despite the warning, nothing has changed at all.
(Less formal = ?????? ?? ??? ? ???.)

?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???.
[i-mi chung-bu-ni seol-myeong-eul haet-neun-de-do bul-gu-ha-go a-jik-do mo-reu-get-da-go ham-ni-da.]
= Despite having provided enough explanation, they say they still don’t get it.
(Less formal = ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????.)

? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????.
[geu yong-eui-ja-neun it-neun-de-do bul-gu-ha-go mu-joe-ro pul-lyeo-na-sseum-ni-da.]
= Although there was evidence, the suspect was declared innocent and was released.
(Less formal = ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????.)

??? ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ????.
[jeong-bu-ui no-ryeo-ge-do bul-gu-ha-go, mul-ga-ga gye-sok sang-seung-ha-go i-sseum-ni-da.]
= Despite the government’s efforts, prices are on a constant rise.
(Less formal = ??? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??? ???.)

??? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ? ?? ???.
[suk-myeo-neul chwi-haet-neun-de-do bul-gu-ha-go gye-sok pi-go-na-da-myeon byeong-wo-ne ga bwa-ya ham-ni-da.]
= If you are still tired despite having had a good night’s sleep, you need to go see a doctor.
(Less formal = ??? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ? ?? ??.)

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