Podcasts by Critical Distance: Keywords in Play

Keywords in Play Episode 31 - Brendan Keogh from 2023-08-04T09:12:24

This episode we speak with Dr Brendan Keogh, discussing his new book The Videogame Industry Does Not Exist: Why We Should Think Beyond Commercial Game Production ( Listen

Keywords in Play Ep. 23: Everest Pipkin from 2022-09-26T11:33:24

Everest Pipkin is a writer, game developer and software artist from Central Texas whose work follows themes of ecology, information theory, and system collapse. As an artist and as a theorist, t...

Keywords in Play Ep. 22: Alesha Serada from 2022-07-15T12:00

Alesha Serada is a PhD student and a researcher at the University of Vaasa, Finland. Their dissertation, supported by the Nissi Foundation, discusses construction of value in games and art on bl...

Keywords in Play Ep. 21: Gregory Whistance-Smith from 2022-06-17T12:00

In this episode we talk with Gregory Whistance-Smith, an independent scholar based in Edmonton, Canada. The discussion focuses on the book "Expressive Space: Embodying Meaning in Video Game Envi...

Keywords in Play Episode 20 - Jaroslav Švelch from 2022-05-13T09:40:15

Jaroslav Švelch is an assistant professor at Charles University, Prague. He is the author of the recent monograph Gaming the Iron Curtain: How Teenagers and Amateurs in Communist Czechoslovakia ...

Keywords in Play Episode 19 - Regina Seiwald and Ed Vollans - Paratexts from 2022-04-22T01:59:04

In this episode we speak with Regina Seiwald and Ed Vollans on paratexts and their forthcoming collaboration "Not in the Game: History, Paratext and Games", soon to be published with De Gruyter....

Keywords in Play Episode 18 - Esther Wright on Rockstar and History from 2022-03-11T14:29:35

Esther Wright is Lecturer in Digital History at Cardiff University. Her work is situated within the field of Historical Game Studies, critically examining how digital representations of the past...

Keywords in Play Episode 17 - April Tyack on Ordinary Player Experience from 2022-02-11T14:22:31

April Tyack is a postdoctoral researcher at Aalto University and vice-president of DiGRA Australia. April researches player experience and how games facilitate different types of experiences. In...

Keywords in Play Episode 16 - Felan Parker on Cutural Intermediaries from 2021-11-19T13:43:32

This episode we speak with Felan Parker about his work on cultural intermediaries and indie games. Felan is Assistant Professor of Book & Media Studies at St. Michael’s College in the University...

Keywords in Play Episode 15 - Leon Xiao from 2021-10-15T13:36:12

This episode we speak with Leon Xiao about the paper "What are the odds? Lower compliance with Western loot box probability disclosure industry self-regulation than Chinese legal regulation", co...

Keywords in Play Episode 14 - Adrienne Shaw from 2021-09-17T16:29:12

This episode we speak with Adrienne Shaw about the paper "Encoding and decoding affordances: Stuart Hall and interactive media technologies". This paper brings Stuart Hall's concepts of encoding...

Episode 13 - Alenda Y. Chang from 2021-06-11T14:36:48

This episode we speak with Alenda Y. Chang about games, ecology, literature, and environmental relations. Alenda is an Associate Professor in Film and Media Studies at UC Santa Barbara. With a m...

Keywords in Play Episode 12 - Aaron Trammell from 2021-05-14T13:26:18

This episode we talk with Aaron Trammell about challenging canonical thinkers, race, torture and TTRPGs, with special reference to his open-access piece "Torture, Play and the Black Experience" ...

Keywords in Play Episode 11 - Victor Navarro-Remesal and Thiago Falcão from 2021-04-14T12:24:33

Víctor Navarro-Remesal is a media scholar specialized in games. He teaches History of Videogames and Interactive Narrative at Tecnocampus, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Game Design at UOC. He’s ...

Keywords in Play Episode 10 - Thi Nguyen from 2021-03-12T13:01:24

C. Thi Nguyen is a former food writer, now a philosophy professor at University of Utah. He writes about trust, art, games, and communities, and is interested in the ways that our social structu...

Keywords in Play Episode 9: Sonia Fizek from 2020-12-11T11:06:34

This episode's guest is Sonia Fizek, to discuss a forthcoming book on 'delegated' and 'interpassive' play. Sonia is a digital wanderer and a ludic thinker. On a more formal note, a professor at ...

Keywords in Play Episode 8 - Lindsay Grace from 2020-11-13T12:07:34

This episode we speak with Lindsay Grace about love and affection in games. Lindsay is Knight Chair in Interactive Media and ...

Keywords in Play Episode 7 - Malath Abbas from 2020-10-16T18:52:59

This episode we speak with Mal Abbas, an independent game designer, artist and producer working on experimental and meaningful games. Malath established Scotland's first game collective and co-w...

Keywords in Play Episode 6:Jamie Woodcock from 2020-09-11T09:08:34

This episode we speak with Dr Jamie Woodcock. Jamie is a researcher based in London. He is the author of The Gig Economy (Polity, 2019), Marx at the Arcade (Haymarket, 2019), and Working The Pho...

Keywords in Play Episode 5: Eli Smith from 2020-08-17T12:04:20

This episode we have a departure from academia; a different approach to the creation and transmission of knowledge. We interview Eli Smith, Traditional Music Consultant for Rockstar Games' Red D...

Keywords in Play Episode 4 - Rob Gallagher from 2020-07-17T14:06:46

“Keywords in Play” is an interview series about game research supported by Critical Distance and the Digital Games Research Association. As a joint venture, “Keywords in Play” expands Critical D...

Keywords in Play Episode 3: Bo Ruberg from 2020-06-12T12:23:59

In this episode we speak with Bo Ruberg, who is Assistant Professor at UC Irvine in Film & Media. Their interdisciplinary research crosses media studies, queer studies, the Digital Humanities, c...

Keywords in Play Episode 2: Emilie Reed from 2020-05-15T09:12:56

“Keywords in Play” is a monthly interview series about game research supported by Critical Distance and the Digital Games Research Association. As a joint venture, “Keywords in Play” expands Cri...

Keywords in Play Episode 1 from 2020-04-11T19:00

“Keywords in Play” is an interview series about game research supported by Critical Distance and the Digital Games Research Association. As a joint venture, “Keywords in Play” expands Critical D...

Minisode 16 - Milkmaids and Vikings from 2017-11-30T12:00

Last minisode of the year for the Critical Distance Confab.

I tried to think of a theme, but really it's just two indie games worthy of some attention and love. Angelina Bonilla ...

Episode 51 - Red Angel from 2017-11-16T13:00

This month on the Critical Distance Confab, Angelina Bonilla better known as Red Angel was kind enough to come on.

Red Angel started off as a writer for online publications. Howe...

Minisode 15 - Horror Games Mark II from 2017-10-31T12:00

I'm not dead, the minisodes are back, back from the dead that is, on the Critical Distance Confab.

In the spirit of October, we bring you another minisode installment on horror g...

Episode 50 - PostMesmeric from 2017-10-19T14:00

This month on the Critical Distance Confab we welcome Alex Carlson from the YouTube channel PostMesmeric.

Alex Carlson is a relative newbie to the world of YouTube video game cri...

Episode 49 - Heavy Eyed from 2017-09-21T14:00

This month on the Critical Distance Confab, all the way from New Zealand, is YouTuber Mitch Cramer.

Mitch Cramer, aka HeavyEyed, is a relatively new to the world of YouTube video...

Minisode 14 - We're Back from 2017-08-30T13:00

After a year long hiatus, the minisodes are back on the Critical Distance Confab.

In case you missed them the first time around, the idea behind these minisodes is for myself and...

Episode 48 - The Critic and the Dragon from 2017-08-16T14:00

Joining me for this month's interview is author of actual books and YouTube critic Joseph Anderson.

Starting from a desire to build up his online presence to attract a book agent...

Episode 47 - A Measured Response: Hbomb from 2017-07-19T14:00

I managed to snag critic, rhetorician and YouTube vaudevillian Harry Brewis, more commonly known as Hbomberguy for this month's interview.

Mr. Hbomberguy is a bit of an odd duck ...

Episode 46 - Talking on Games from 2017-06-29T14:00

Freshly back from E3, YouTuber Hamish Black, the man behind the Writing on Games channel, sat down with me for this month's interview.

Nearly two years ago exactly, Hamish Black ...

Episode 45 - Documentary Delight from 2017-05-19T14:00

With this interview, we move away from YouTube for the moment to talk with Philip Jones, the director of the 2015 documentary Gaming in Color.

The documentary started with an int...

Episode 44 - A Cagey Interview from 2017-04-05T14:00

This month I interview YouTuber Kevin John, also known as Cagey.

Cagey is a small time YouTube essayist, a jolly old soul from Scotland. From writing at fan sites he struck out o...

Episode 43 - Think, Game, Love from 2017-02-28T13:00

In this episode, I interview the newly crowned Critical Distance 2016 Journalist of the Year, Heather Alexandra.

Each new interviewee seems to bring some new aspect to the video ...

Episode 42 - Great Levels, The Best Levels in Gaming from 2017-02-08T13:00

Our first interview of 2017 is with Great Levels in Gaming YouTube producer Max Barnyard.

Like our previous interviewee, Max Barnyard focuses his criticism on specific elements o...

Episode 41 - Every Game a Painting from 2016-11-30T13:00

We end this year of interviews with Mark Brown of Game Maker's Toolkit.

Mark Brown went a different direction with his video based video game criticism. Instead of interviews, op...

Episode 40 - Games Literary Studies on YouTube from 2016-10-18T14:00

Continuing on with our series of video in video game criticism, this month, I have Sam Gronseth, the Game Professor of the YouTube channel Games as Literature, on to talk.

Sam Gr...

Episode 39 - This is Innuendo Studios from 2016-10-03T14:00

Somewhat late, we present this month's interview of the Critical Distance Confab! I interview Ian Danskin of the Innuendo Studios YouTube channel.

In 2014, Ian Danskin made his f...

Episode 38 - The Spawn of History from 2016-08-23T14:00

We are back with another interview on the Critical Distance Confab! This month we are joined by Bob Whitaker, associate professor in Modern History at Louisiana Tech University and founder of Hi...

Episode 37 - Noah's Crit from 2016-07-18T14:00

Welcome back for another interview on the Critical Distance Confab!

This month our guest is Noah Caldwell-Gervais, a video maker who is skilled at creating richly layered argume...

Minisode 13 - Soundscapes and Dreamscapes from 2016-07-08T13:00

The good, the bad and the ugly with the Critical Distance Confab.

For those who don't know, the idea behind these minisodes is for myself and a co-host to highlight 3 games each....

Episode 36 - The Hows and Whys of TWIVGB from 2016-06-27T14:00

Welcome to another episode of the Critical Distance Confab!

We are taking a mid-summer break from our series on video producers and critics to talk about Critical Distance. Senio...

Minisode 12 - Not Dark Souls from 2016-05-02T13:00

Time for a few games more on the Critical Distance Confab.

The purpose of these minisodes is for two of us to highlight 3 games each. These are games that haven't gotten a lot of...

Episode 35 - Camp's Signal from 2016-04-19T14:00

Welcome to another interview on the Critical Distance Confab!

This month our guest is Chris Franklin, aka Campster, talking about his YouTube series Errant Signal. Over time, he ...

Minisode 11 - Grab Bag of Games from 2016-04-06T13:00

A fistful of games on the Critical Distance Confab.

These minisodes highlight games that haven't gotten a lot of critical attention, in the hope that one of you intrepid listener...

Episode 34 - Chat with Matt from 2016-03-22T13:00

Welcome another interview here at Critical Distance!

This month we interview the host of Matt Chat, English Professor at St. Cloud State University, Matt Barton. Inspired by the ...

Minisode 10 - Abstract Aesthetics from 2016-02-29T12:00

More undiscussed games on the Critical Distance Confab.

For those who may not know, the purpose behind these minisodes is highlight some games, 3 a piece, that haven't got a lot ...

Episode 33 - Game OverThinker from 2016-02-15T13:00

Welcome another new podcast here at Critical Distance!

Continuing with video-based criticism, we have one of the original videogame pundits, Bob Chipman. His Game Overthinker ser...

Minisode 09 - Long Games and Short Games from 2016-02-01T12:00

New year, new games to discuss on the Critical Distance Confab.

With the minisodes, every month, both I and a co-host, go back and forth listing off a game we think hasn't gotten...

Episode 32 - Supplementary Grades from 2016-01-15T13:00

Welcome to the new year of podcasts here at Critical Distance!

Last year we went over publications, both books and magazines, in the critical video game sphere. Having, for the m...

Episode 31 - Back to the 2015 from 2015-12-30T13:00

Welcome back to another end of year podcast! 2015 is behind us, so just lean back and listen as myself and a couple of colleagues skim over some of the major discussions that came up during the ...

Minisode 08 - Breaking the Mold and Cultural Musings from 2015-11-30T12:00

Welcome to the last minisode of the year on the Critical Distance Confab.

How this works is that each of us will go back and forth listing off three games each that we feel haven...

Episode 30 - Everything's Better Embed from 2015-11-18T13:00

Concluding this year's series of interviews of the authors and editors of video game criticism publications we turn our eyes to gonzo. Cara Ellison's Embe...

Minisode 07 - Horror Games from 2015-10-31T12:00

Welcome to a new minisode on the Critical Distance Confab.

This month we have a special Halloween edition where we will be focusing on quote/unquote horror games to highlight. As...

Minisode 06 - Relationships and Forward Motion from 2015-09-30T13:00

Welcome back for a new minisode of the Critical Distance Confab.

If you don't know, the minisodes are a chance to introduce and highlight a bunch of games that hasn't gotten crit...

Episode 29 - Shoot Them! from 2015-09-16T14:00

This month we turn our attention to the genre anthology book, Shooter. Edited by Patrick Lindsey and Reid McCarter, the book bought 15 essays and a forward by Clint Hocking placing a wide variet...

Minisode 05 - Text Games and Far Away Places from 2015-07-31T13:00

We have a new minisode of the Critical Distance Confab.

These minisodes are a chance for myself and a new co-host each time, to highlight some games that have gotten virtually no...

Episode 28 - Uninterviewable from 2015-07-15T14:00

Continuing our vaguely in chronological order of video game critical publications, we turn our lonely eyes to a site that last year turned itself into a weekly e-zine. This month Stu Horvath was...

Minisode 04 - Wandering Around and Feeling from 2015-06-30T13:00

Welcome to another minisode of the Critical Distance Confab.

Unlike our main podcast series, the minisodes are a chance for myself and co-host to highlight some games that have g...

Episode 27 - A Review Comes For The Arcade from 2015-06-16T14:00

With us this time is founding editor of The Arcade Review Zolani Stewart.

Coming up on a year now, The Arcade Review is a publication that situates itself as an arts magazine fir...

Minisode 03 - B-grade Games from 2015-05-29T13:00

Welcome to another minisode of the Critical Distance Confab.

These minisodes are something different than our main podcast series. At the end of every month, myself and a guest, ...

Episode 26 - Five out of Ten: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Escape to Na Pali, Side B from 2015-05-25T14:00

This month we have a double, yet related, feature.

First, in side A, I talk with Alan Williamson and Lindsey Joyce, the editor-in-chief and managing editor respectively of Five o...

Episode 26 - Five out of Ten: Or How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Escape to Na Pali, Side A from 2015-05-25T13:00

This month we have a double, yet related, feature.

First, in side A, I talk with Alan Williamson and Lindsey Joyce, the editor-in-chief and managing editor respectively of Five o...

Minisode 02 - Interactive Fiction and Object Toys from 2015-04-30T13:00

Welcome to a new minisode of the Critical Distance Confab.

In case you are just joining us or need a refresher, we here at Critical Distance are trying something new with a serie...

Episode 25 - The History of Everyday Games from 2015-04-16T13:00

This month we are joined by game historian, University of Lancaster PhD candidate and editor-in-chirf of Silverstring Media's Critical Publishing arm, Zoya Street. Zoya has written two seminal b...

Minisode 01 - Cyberpunk and Personal Stories from 2015-03-31T13:00

Welcome to the first Critical Distance Confab minisode!

We're trying something new with the podcast. There are so many games coming out at every level, everyday. So many of them ...

Episode 24 - The Zine Knight Rises from 2015-03-26T12:00

Continuing on with our theme of notable published video game books, we turn our eye to the other major work on 2012, Anna Anthropy's Rise of the Videoga...

Episode 23 - Books Fight Boss from 2015-03-12T12:00

Continuing on the theme of video game book publishing, we decide to talk with Gabe Durham, the founder and editor of BossFightBooks, right now, the leader in single game book criticism. As of re...

Episode 22 - On 'Killing is Harmless' from 2015-01-13T12:00

In 2012, critic and Royal Melbourne Insitute of technology PhD candidate Brendan Keogh released his long form critical piece on Spec Ops: The Line in the form o...

Episode 21 - Actually, It's About...2014 from 2014-12-17T14:00

It's that time again, the end of the year is upon us. Rather than exhaustively go over everything of note that happened in 2014, instead we more skim over several various broad topics of interes...

Episode 20 - The Founderhead from 2014-09-22T13:00

Our regular podcast host Mattie Brice needs a bit of extra time for her latest interview, so we've dug into our archives again for yet another heretofore unheard Critical Distance Confab episode...

Episode 19 - A Critic By His Window from 2014-08-15T13:00

This month we bring you another interview from the unheard archives. A few years ago Kirk Battle, going under the pseudonym L.B. Jefferies,...

Episode 18 - The Great Curator from 2014-07-15T13:00

This month's podcast is all about a subject near and dear to our hearts: curation.

Here at Critical-Distance we curate games writing and other forms of criticism. We go through t...

Episode 17 - The Blogfather from 2014-06-15T13:00

Due to some unforeseen circumstances (namely, an impromptu digital game conference), Mattie Brice is unavailable to bring us a podcast this month.<...

Episode 16 - The Artist Formally Known As Critic from 2014-05-15T13:00

Welcome to the first podcast in the brand new Critical Distance Confab!

We were so impressed with Mattie Brice's moderation of our Black History Month podcast that we've asked he...

Episode 15 - Black History Month from 2014-03-05T12:00

In honor of Black History Month or maybe, as the discussion recognizes, in submission to it, we at Critical Distance are honored to be host to a discussion of three highly intelligent black crit...

Episode 14 - In This The Year Of... Part 2 from 2014-01-10T13:00

And comes close another year and along with it our fourth end of year look back podcast. 2013 is behind us and we at Critical Distance look one last time at the major points that occurred along ...

Episode 14 - In This The Year Of... Past 1 from 2014-01-10T12:00

And comes close another year and along with it our fourth end of year look back podcast. 2013 is behind us and we at Critical Distance look one last time at the major points that occurred along ...

Episode 13 - The Raidy Bunch from 2013-10-09T13:00

For quite a while now Lara Croft and her Tomb Raider franchise has been wallowing in irrelevance. One too many subpar games with date control scheme and sensibilities holding it down. Then, earl...

Episode 12 - Deirdra Kiai's Life Flashes By from 2013-04-18T15:00

Back in March of 2011 I played Deirdra Kiai's recently released Life Flashes By and wanted to talk to her about it. I asked for an interview and she graciously accepted. Through a series of semi...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 7 from 2012-12-28T00:15

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 5 from 2012-12-28T00:14

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 6 from 2012-12-28T00:14

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 3 from 2012-12-28T00:13

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 4 from 2012-12-28T00:13

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 1 from 2012-12-28T00:12

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 11 - The Talking Dead, part 2 from 2012-12-28T00:12

And here it is. After much loss of sleep and sanity the 2012 end of year podcast has finally arrived. After last year's hopefulness of things being better, on one front 2012 proved to be an even...

Episode 9 - A Braid Companion from 2012-01-19T00:01

Yes, only 6 months late Critical Distance is proud to bring you episode 9 of the CDC podcast.

This time we decided to focus on an actual game: Braid came out many years ago and s...

Episode 10 - Winter Round-up, Winter Round-up, Part 5 from 2011-12-28T00:05

No, you did not read that incorrectly. This is indeed episode 10. Episode 9 is in the works still. (It's a little more evergreen of a topic.)

Another year has come to a close and...

Episode 10 - Winter Round-up, Winter Round-up, Part 4 from 2011-12-28T00:04

No, you did not read that incorrectly. This is indeed episode 10. Episode 9 is in the works still. (It's a little more evergreen of a topic.)

Another year has come to a close and...

Episode 10 - Winter Round-up, Winter Round-up, Part 3 from 2011-12-28T00:03

No, you did not read that incorrectly. This is indeed episode 10. Episode 9 is in the works still. (It's a little more evergreen of a topic.)

Another year has come to a close and...

Episode 10 - Winter Round-up, Winter Round-up, Part 2 from 2011-12-27T20:02

No, you did not read that incorrectly. This is indeed episode 10. Episode 9 is in the works still. (It's a little more evergreen of a topic.)

Another year has come to a close a...

Episode 10 - Winter Round-up, Winter Round-up, Part 1 from 2011-12-27T20:01

No, you did not read that incorrectly. This is indeed episode 10. Episode 9 is in the works still. (It's a little more evergreen of a topic.)

Another year has come to a close a...

Episode 8 - A Very GDC Podcast, Side B from 2011-05-12T21:01

So a podcast that was recorded in April about a conference in March, is finally released in May. Here we have our two part GDC podcast. We asked developers, journalists, academics and critics to...

Episode 8 - A Very GDC Podcast, Side A from 2011-05-12T21:00

So a podcast that was recorded in April about a conference in March, is finally released in May. Here we have our two part GDC podcast. We asked developers, journalists, academics and critics to...

Episode 7 - A Post-Comment World from 2011-02-09T20:00

It's time for another episode of the Critical Distance Confab. Before we get into it, a little background information. Right around the last podcast a debate sprung up over Ben's refusal to allo...

Episode 6 - 2010 in Review, Part 3 from 2010-12-27T20:03

And so comes to pass the resurrection of the Critical Distance Confab podcast. We've been away for almost a year and a half. We decided to return in a big way. We gathered our panelists to revi...

Episode 6 - 2010 in Review, Part 2 from 2010-12-27T20:02

And so comes to pass the resurrection of the Critical Distance Confab podcast. We've been away for almost a year and a half. We decided to return in a big way. We gathered our panelists to revi...

Episode 6 - 2010 in Review, Part 1 from 2010-12-27T20:01

And so comes to pass the resurrection of the Critical Distance Confab podcast. We've been away for almost a year and a half. We decided to return in a big way. We gathered our panelists to revi...

Episode 5 - Gender in Games from 2009-07-29T21:00

AND WE ARE BACK! After a long hiatus the CDC Podcast has returned with a force-music and an icon. This week we talk about under privileged voices in games, specifically women in games, where all...

Episode 4 - Genre Bending Discourse from 2009-05-17T21:00

This episode of the CDC Podcast is extra long to make up for the missed days in releasing last week's CDC Podcast. This week we discuss genre in videogames by starting off with the Western and e...

Episode 3 - Showing, Telling, Performing Narrative from 2009-05-04T21:00

It has arrived! Episode 3 of the CDC Podcast. This week we discuss the approaches to videogame narrative, specifically the differences between showing and telling narrative in games. We have a v...

Episode 2 - Descent into Dissonance from 2009-04-26T21:00

This week on the CDC Podcast we discuss Bioshock and narrative dissonance. Join us as we attempt to wrap our heads around the subject and come up with the definitive answer to the question "How ...

Episode 1 from 2009-04-22T21:00

Welcome to Episode 1 of the Critical Distance Confab. The CDC podcast is a weekly discussion with a cast drawn from an irregular pool of videogame bloggers and contributors to the Critical Dista...